Final Draft: week 7: April 28th

FINAL DRAFT

Question: How do Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology?


There are several different ways that Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology. These architectures played a big role in the religious theology. It allowed the artists of many buildings to profess their religious views through the artwork of their buildings they design. Artists could promote or preach their views of religion through these great buildings. These buildings represented more than just their religious views, but they showed deep meanings of how the architect felt about what they were creating. Others say that these buildings did not represent anything but were just simply there for worship. 

Romanesque Cathedrals were more for places of worship. They showed more of what the religious community wanted to see. Some say they looked like castles but they were supposed to be perceived as places of worship. They could have been used for several other things also like defense or retreating to the churches. A lot of the Cathedrals have bell towers and higher places to look out over land (Figure 1). Since they were built in the time of war and violence between societies, hey were highly protected and did not want to be harmed.

Because of the Gothic Cathedrals being built in the time of peace that they were, architects were not rushed to finish them. They could take their time on them and make them prettier. Gothic artists were able to express their freedom in their work with the buildings. Gothic Cathedrals were allowed to be more complex in the structure and Romanesque tended to all be the same way (Figure 4). The Gothic Cathedrals purposes were to be able to be a beautiful place to worship.

Some say that the Gothic Cathedrals were more about the way they looked. They were the ones with the huge glass windows and thinner walls than the Romanesque Cathedrals. (Figures 4 & 5) The Gothic Cathedrals were more pleasing to the eye and less warlike than the Romanesque Cathedrals were. The Gothic Cathedrals were built in a time of peace and tranquility which allowed the artists to make them lovelier for worship to take place in them.

Romanesque and Gothic express many different feelings towards religion than what people can see. Artists may make a doorway a certain way because of the things they believe in. Romanesque Cathedrals were for more of the protection and worship side of life. Gothic Cathedrals were for the pleasure of the eye; they were more pleasing to look at most of the time. These two different types of architecture were used for several different ways in the religious theology.

Sources:

Figure 1- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame
6/08/06
13th Century

Figure 2-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Angouleme_cathedral_StPierre_a.jpg
Angouleme Cathedral St. Pierre
Posted: july 14, 2007

Figure 3-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tournai_JPG001.jpg
Tournai
Posted: 4/27/05
12th century

Figure 4- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame
6/08/06

Figure 5- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Cathedrale_Notre_Dame_interior_002.JPG
Reims Cathedrale Notre Dame
Posted: 1/28/08
12 century

Figure 6- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Kathedrale.jpg
Reims Kathedrale
July 2006
12 century

Rough Draft: Week 7: April 27th

Rough Draft Question: How do Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology?


There are several different ways that Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology. These architectures played a big role in the religious theology. It allowed the artists of many buildings to profess their religious views through the artwork of their buildings they design. Artists could promote or preach their views of religion through these great buildings. These buildings represented more than just their religious views, but they showed deep meanings of how the architect felt about what they were creating. Others say that these buildings did not represent anything but were just simply there for worship. 

Romanesque Cathedrals were more for places of worship. They showed more of what the religious community wanted to see. Some say they looked like castles but they were supposed to be perceived as places of worship. They could have been used for several other things also like defense or retreating to the churches.A lot of the Cathedrals have bell towers and higher places to look out over land  (Figure 1) Since they were built in the time of war and violence between societies, hey were highly protected and did not want to be harmed.

Because of the Gothic Cathedrals being built in the time of peace that they were, architects were not rushed to finish them. they could take their time on them and make them prettier. Gothic artists were able to express their freedom in their work with the buildings. Gothic Cathedrals were allowed to be more complex in the structure and Romanesque tended to all be the same way.

Some say that the Gothic Cathedrals were more about the way they looked. They were the ones with the huge glass windows and thinner walls than the Romanesque Cathedrals. (Figures 4 & 5) The Gothic Cathedrals were more pleasing to the eye and less warlike than the Romanesque Cathedrals were. The Gothic Cathedrals were built in a time of peace and tranquility which allowed the artists to make them lovelier for worship to take place in them.

Romanesque and Gothic express many different feelings towards religion than what people can see. Artists may make a doorway a certain way because of the things they believe in. Romanesque Cathedrals were for more of the protection and worship side of life. Gothic Cathedrals were for the pleasure of the eye; they were more pleasing to look at most of the time. These two different types of architecture were used for several different ways in the religious theology.






Sources: 


Figure 1- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame

Figure 2-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Angouleme_cathedral_StPierre_a.jpg
Angouleme Cathedral St. Pierre

Figure 3-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tournai_JPG001.jpg
Tournai

Figure 4- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame

Figure 5- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Cathedrale_Notre_Dame_interior_002.JPG
Reims Cathedrale Notre Dame



Figure 6- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Kathedrale.jpg
Reims Kathedrale

Essay: Week 7; April 14th 2011; Rough Draft

Question: Did the Roman Empire 'decline and fall' or did it evolve into something new?

The Ancient Roman Empire was a great empire in the ancient times of the world. It is considered one of the best empires in world history. The emperor and army were strong, the government had most control, and the people were equal. It is a big debate how this great democracy ceased to exist. Some say that the Roman Empire simply turned into something different, but the Ancient Roman Empire fall or collapsed as a result of many different glitches in the government and its people.

"The middle years of the first century BC were marked by violence in the city, and fighting between gangs supporting rival politicians and political programs." (BBC) The ages of violence that broke out between citizens and gangs affected the fall of the government because the government could not get control of the fights and violence. Gangs formed and groups of citizens were set against each other. This caused tension among to people of Rome. Some of the government had different ways of dealing with it, which caused even more conflicts. The fights just led to more things than what was happening. The conflicts among all of the people were dragging on with their empire and it was affecting the empire in several bad ways.

"Augustus was both canny and lucky. When he died in 14 AD, aged well over 70, he was succeeded by his stepson, Tiberius. By then the idea of the 'free republic' was just the romantic pipe-dream of a few nostalgic." (BBC) After Augustus' death, his stepson took over and started a new government since the current one "was not working" with the community. It was begun because Tiberius did not agree with the type of government that was in Rome at the time. There were many problems already with the earlier government and Tiberius believed that if it just changed completely, the problems would go away. That did not happen at all. Many of the problems stay as they were or even caused more conflicts.

"By 14 AD, when the first emperor Augustus died, popular elections had all but disappeared. Power was located not in the old republican assembly place of the forum, but in the imperial palace. The assumption was that Augustus's heirs would inherit his rule over the Roman world - and so they did." (BBC) The first sign that something was going wrong was the loss of government. When the current leader Augustus died, all government just crashed. No one knew who was in charge or who was ruling. The citizens did not know who to follow or what to abide by. There was major confusion inside of the Roman Empire after the death of Augustus.

To some people, the Roman Empire was formed into a new and improved different type of government. They feel as though the government was not dropped but it was made into something different. Others argue that the Roman Empire fell and collapsed because of several problems coming together. The problems did not seem like a lot when they were separate. All of the problems together, though, caused a huge issue.


Work Cited:

Beard, Mary. (2011) The fall of the Roman Republic. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/fallofromanrepublic_article_01.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook09.html#Modern

Essay: Week 7: April 11th , Rough Draft

Question: Did the Roman Empire 'decline and fall' or did it evolve into something new?

The Ancient Roman Empire was a great empire in the ancient times of the world. It is considered one of the best empires in world history. The emperor and army was strong, the governemtn had most control, and the people were equal. It is a big debate how this great democracy ceased to exist. Some say that the Roman Empire simply turned into something different, but the Ancient Roman Empire fall or collapsed as a result of many different glitches in the government and its people.

"The middle years of the first century BC were marked by violence in the city, and fighting between gangs supporting rival politicians and political programmes." (BBC) The ages of violence that broke out between citizens and gangs affected the fall of the government because the government could not get control of the fights and violence. Gangs formed and groups of citizens were set against each other. This caused tension among to people of Rome. Some of the government had different ways of dealing with it, which caused even more conflicts. The fights just led to more things than what was happening. The conflicts among all of the people were dragging on with their empire and it was affecting the empire in several bad ways.

"Augustus was both canny and lucky. When he died in 14 AD, aged well over 70, he was succeeded by his stepson, Tiberius. By then the idea of the 'free republic' was just the romantic pipe-dream of a few nostalgics." (BBC) After Augustus' death, his stepson took over and started a new government since the current one "was not working" with the community. It was begun because Tiberius did not agree with the type of government that was in Rome at the time. There were many problems already with the earlier government and Tiberius believed that if it just changed completely, the problems would go away. That did not happen at all. Many of the problems stay as they were or even causes more conflicts.

"By 14 AD, when the first emperor Augustus died, popular elections had all but disappeared. Power was located not in the old republican assembly place of the forum, but in the imperial palace. The assumption was that Augustus's heirs would inherit his rule over the Roman world - and so they did." (BBC) The first sign that something was going wrong was the loss of government. When the current leader Augustus died, all government just crashed. No one knew who was in charge or who was ruling. The citizens did not know who to follow or what to adibe by. There was major confusion inside of the Roman Empire after the death of Augustus.

To some people, the Roman Empire was formed into a new and improved different type of government. They feel as though the government was not dropped but it was made into something different. Others argue that the Roman Empire fell and collapsed because of several problems coming together. The problems did not seem like a lot when they were seperate. All of the problems together, though, caused a huge issue.



Sources:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/fallofromanrepublic_article_01.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook09.html#Modern

Final Draft for Practice Essay

Stoicism is the belief that when confronted with hardships, one has to control his or her emotions; Seneca's death is a great example of stoicism because he does not allow his emotions to be shown. Then again, some of the emotions had to have been portrayed when Seneca found out about his death sentence. Seneca was an emotional less when it came to the outside appearance of him. He did not allow for people to see how he was feeling on the inside. The only person who knew how he felt was himself. Even while being put to death, others saw either little or no emotion coming from Seneca. His own wife did not even know what was going on inside of his mind. A great example of stoicism would be Seneca's death because he portrayed no emotions while being put to death.

As stated in the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook, Seneca said before he was killed, "Where," he asked again and again, "are your maxims of philosophy, or the preparation of so many years' study against evils to come? Who knew not Nero's cruelty? After a mother's and a brother's murder, nothing remains but to add the destruction of a guardian and a tutor." In this, he is talking about how no one knew how tough and cruel Nero was to believe that Seneca was guilty of conspiracy. Even when he should have acted highly upset with what he was being accused of, he acted like it didn't even faze him. He portrayed himself as though he was just puzzled by what was going on. He put the questions in the people's minds of whether or not Nero was doing the right thing by killing him. This portrayed him as non-emotional and uncaring.
"Seneca, quite unmoved, asked for tablets on which to inscribe his will, and, on the centurion's refusal, turned to his friends, protesting that as he was forbidden to requite them, he bequeathed to them the only, but still the noblest possession yet remaining to him, the pattern of his life, which, if they remembered, they would win a name for moral worth and steadfast friendship" (IAHS).After finding out that he was going to be put to death, Seneca had to leave everything he had behind for his family and friends, just like we do today. He told them in the will that he loved them and would not forget them. Even though this will portrayed some emotion of love, he stayed strong through everything he was going through and didn't allow his closest people of him see how much he was hurting inside. He still, when faced with death, did not seem to be scared.

"Then by one and the same stroke they sundered with a dagger the arteries of their arms. Seneca, as his aged frame, attenuated by frugal diet, allowed the blood to escape but slowly, severed also the veins of his legs and knees. Worn out by cruel anguish, afraid too that his sufferings might break his wife's spirit, and that, as he looked on her tortures, he might himself sink into irresolution, he persuaded her to retire into another chamber. Even at the last moment his eloquence failed him not; he summoned his secretaries, and dictated much to them which, as it has been published for all readers in his own words, I forbear to paraphrase" (IAHS). Seneca's appearance started to diminish and become worn out because of him stressing on the inside over his death sentence. He did not want his wife to worry about him, so he had her stay in a different room. He also probably did not want her to see him in a weak state because that could show weakness in his mind. He wanted her to feel as though he was going to be alright and everything was fine. On the inside, he was really at the brink of death.
Seneca the Younger was an excellent example of stoicism because he never let his emotions be seen throughout the time of his troubles. He was faced with being put to death because of a ruler who disliked the way he was acting. Most normal people would be scared beyond belief. Seneca shows stoicism because he did not show that he was scared. No one could even tell he was even stressing over it. His death had to scare him, but no one even knew.

Sources:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook10.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tacitus-ann15a.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger

Guidlines for Peer Review & Grading

News Flash: Starting tomorrow, April 7th, we will stop doing dailies. Instead, we will be concentrating on the weekly essays. This week's rough draft we are finishing in class. From then on, every Wednesday you will have a rough draft due for Peer review (you'll receive participation credit: P/F for having the draft ready). On your rough draft, please underline the thesis statement and in a different color prove it is an opinion by writing the opposite side; underline one quote properly cited with in-text citations for each body paragraph; make bold your four-sentence analysis of each quote; analysis should explain how the quote serves to support your thesis. After peer review, a final draft will be due on Fri by Midnight.

Eleven-Point Critique (for peer reviews and grading of final drafts)

1. 5 paragraphs -- 5 to 7 sentences per paragraph.

2 Clear, coherent thesis statement expressing an opinion to be argued in the paper.

3. One quote or piece of sourcable evidence properly cited in APA format per body paragraph / proper in-text citation format (author, date). APA format bibliography at end of paper. Use top-notch sources (BBC, Met Museum, Nat Geo, Internet History Sourcebook, school-library based databases, etc.)

4. Four sentences per body paragraph analysis. This is your own analysis demonstrating how the evidence supports your thesis.

5. Solid conclusion demonstrating the validity of the argument.

6. Emphasis: Put strongest evidence in the fourth paragraph.

7. No 1st or 2nd person personal pronouns (I, we, us, me, my, myself, you, etc.)

8. Academic Tone: No slang, no contractions, make it coherent and readable.

9. Avoid generalizations -- give specific information; I'm not looking for you to write an "encyclopedia" article. I'm looking for your ability to construct an academic argument.

10. Avoid unnecessary information: "more" quotes doesn't mean a "better" paper.

11. Original and honest writing voice and a creative and remarkable take on the subject.

Week 6, Daily 3, April 6th

Stoicism is the belief that when confronted with hardships, one has to control his or her emotions; Seneca's death is a great example of stoicism because he doesn't allow his emotions to be shown. Seneca was an emotional less when it came to the outside appearance of him. He didn't allow for people to see how he was feeling on the inside. The only person who knew how he felt was himself. Even while being put to death, others saw either little or no emotion coming from Seneca. His own wife didn't even know what was going on inside of his mind. A great example of stoicism would be Seneca's death because he portrayed no emotions while being put to death.

As Seneca said before he was killed, "Where," he asked again and again, "are your maxims of philosophy, or the preparation of so many years' study against evils to come? Who knew not Nero's cruelty? After a mother's and a brother's murder, nothing remains but to add the destruction of a guardian and a tutor." In this, he is talking about how no one knew how tough and cruel Nero was to believe that Seneca was guilty of conspiracy. Even when he should've acted highly upset with what he was being acused of, he acted like it didn't even phase him. He portrayed himself as though he was just puzzled by what was going on. He put the questions in the people's minds of whether or not Nero was doing the right thing by killing him. This portrayed him as non emotional and uncaring.

"Seneca, quite unmoved, asked for tablets on which to inscribe his will, and, on the centurion's refusal, turned to his friends, protesting that as he was forbidden to requite them, he bequeathed to them the only, but still the noblest possession yet remaining to him, the pattern of his life, which, if they remembered, they would win a name for moral worth and steadfast friendship." After finding out that he was going to be put to death, Seneca had to leave everything he had behind for his family and friends, just like we do today. He told them in the will that he loved them and wouldn't forget them. Even though this will portrayed some emotion of love, he stayed strong through everything he was going through and didn't allow his closest people ot him see how much he was hurting inside. He still, when faced with death, didn't seem to be scared.

"Then by one and the same stroke they sundered with a dagger the arteries of their arms. Seneca, as his aged frame, attenuated by frugal diet, allowed the blood to escape but slowly, severed also the veins of his legs and knees. Worn out by cruel anguish, afraid too that his sufferings might break his wife's spirit, and that, as he looked on her tortures, he might himself sink into irresolution, he persuaded her to retire into another chamber. Even at the last moment his eloquence failed him not; he summoned his secretaries, and dictated much to them which, as it has been published for all readers in his own words, I forbear to paraphrase." Seneca's appearance started to diminish and become worn out because of him stressing on the inside over his death sentence. He didn't want his wife to worry about him, so he had her stay in a different room. He also probably didn't want her to see him in a weak state because that could show weakness in his mind. He wanted her to feel as though he was going to be alright and everything was fine. On the inside, he was really at the brink of death.

Seneca the Younger was an excellent example of stoicism because he never let his emotions be seen through out the time of his troubles. He was faced with being put to death because of a ruler who disliked the way he was acting. Most normal people would be scared beyond belief. Seneca shows stoicism because he didn't show that he was scared. No one could even tell he was even stressing over it. His death had to scare him, but no one even knew.



Sources:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook10.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tacitus-ann15a.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger

Week 6, Daily 2, April 5th

Thank you......

to Mr. Bailey, for always showing his students how to have fun while learning, the good way.
to Mrs. Lorber, for showing us that everything happens for a reason.
to Mrs. Hahn, for showing that you always have to be strong for everyone.
to Mrs. Fifer, for teaching us the correct morals to live by and for showing us that treating others how we want to be treated is the way to live.
to Mrs. Vitti, for always analyzing what we say to show us how talking about others in a bad way can easily be turned around towards you.

Week 6, Daily 1, April 4th

"Where," he asked again and again, "are your maxims of philosophy, or the preparation of so many years' study against evils to come? Who knew not Nero's cruelty? After a mother's and a brother's murder, nothing remains but to add the destruction of a guardian and a tutor."

"Seneca, quite unmoved, asked for tablets on which to inscribe his will, and, on the centurion's refusal, turned to his friends, protesting that as he was forbidden to requite them, he bequeathed to them the only, but still the noblest possession yet remaining to him, the pattern of his life, which, if they remembered, they would win a name for moral worth and steadfast friendship."

"Then by one and the same stroke they sundered with a dagger the arteries of their arms. Seneca, as his aged frame, attenuated by frugal diet, allowed the blood to escape but slowly, severed also the veins of his legs and knees. Worn out by cruel anguish, afraid too that his sufferings might break his wife's spirit, and that, as he looked on her tortures, he might himself sink into irresolution, he persuaded her to retire into another chamber. Even at the last moment his eloquence failed him not; he summoned his secretaries, and dictated much to them which, as it has been published for all readers in his own words, I forbear to paraphrase."