Exam Question #10

I feel like I really did learn a lot form this semester's class. I learned a lot of things I would have never know about the world outside of the United States. It will help me later on in life with studies of history and modern day things we must know. I will remember a lot form this class later in my life.

Exam Question #9

Leonardo Da Vinci was the perfect example of a renaissance man. He did just about everything in his lifetime. He is very well known around the world for everything he has done. A renaissance man is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas. Da Vinci was the ideal example of this.


Da Vinci was a master of art, engineer, and anatomy expert. He had several different extraordinary talents that spanned all different kinds of skill levels. He painted the famous image of the Last Supper that is seen in Milan, Italy. He invented several different things too like the tank and a helicopter. If it wasn't for Da Vinci, we wouldn't 
have a lot of the stuff we have today.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci#Paintings_of_the_1480s 

Exam Question #8

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Angouleme_cathedral_StPierre_a.jpg
Angouleme Cathedral St. Pierre



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tournai_JPG001.jpg
Tournai



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Cathedrale_Notre_Dame_interior_002.JPG
Reims Cathedrale Notre Dame



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Kathedrale.jpg
Reims Kathedrale


Romanesque Cathedrals were more for places of worship. They showed more of what the religious community wanted to see. Some say they looked like castles but they were supposed to be perceived as places of worship. They could have been used for several other things also like defense or retreating to the churches.A lot of the Cathedrals have bell towers and higher places to look out over land. Since they were built in the time of war and violence between societies, hey were highly protected and did not want to be harmed.


Some say that the Gothic Cathedrals were more about the way they looked. They were the ones with the huge glass windows and thinner walls than the Romanesque Cathedrals. The Gothic Cathedrals were more pleasing to the eye and less warlike than the Romanesque Cathedrals were. The Gothic Cathedrals were built in a time of peace and tranquility which allowed the artists to make them lovelier for worship to take place in them.

Exam Question #6

http://rcrusade.wikispaces.com/

I, Saladin am asking you not to join the Crusade. It will be the worst decision of your life. It will ruin everything you have ever worked to and it isn't worth it. They treat you horribly and do not care about you at all. If I were you, I wouldn't follow them at all. The Crusades is something you would regret joining.

Trust me when I saw that the Crusades would be the worst decision you've ever made. I understand you may really think you need to, but you don't. There are better things you can do. Come support me and everything will be twenty times better than what they have. We actually care about you, unlike them. You will get treated like an actual person with us rather than getting treated like a dog there. So, which one do you choose?

Exam Question #5

Rome was a great empire in charge when it was the biggest empire in the world. It had everything it needed to just about take over the world. The US is the same way. The United States, like Rome, always has changing leaders, is usually at war with another country, and has enough power to control the world. It is fair to say that the US is the modern day Rome because there are many similarities in between the two large "empires"


In the Sentinel Times, there is an article about the Congress voting on a new law. this is just like it was back in Ancient Roman times. They were one of the first to have a good government with good leaders to lead the nation. Each of their governments are very complicated and and complex.


In the Opelika- Auburn News, there is an article where President Obama addresses the country. In Rome, they had changing leaders like the presidents. There was Caesar who led the country through great times. The leaders of each nation change every once in a while. They have each had tons of different leaders who have changed the nation in many ways. Sometimes, the leader is there for stern punishment and other times they are there for comfort and to bring the country together as one.


There are also many bad things about both nations. There are crimes, deaths, plagues, and bad economies. The US has had their fair share of ups and downs in their economy. Rome also had a fall of their economy, which is argued to cause the fall of their empire. The Times Record has an article on the front page about a crime where a little girl has disappeared. That is small compared to things that happened in Rome. Rome dealt with Caesar's assassination and many other huge crimes.


The United States and Rome could be looked at and analyzed in similar ways. They can easily be associated with each other. The world's greatest nations could easily be named the US and Ancient Rome because of their ability to almost control the world, have governments, and their changing leaders. All of these things are signs of a great complete nation.


Sources:


Rugaber, C. Crutsinger, M. Obama on Economy, http://www.newseum.org/todaysfrontpages/hr.asp?fpVname=AL_OAN&ref_pge=gal&b_pge=1


Rugeber, C. Crutsinger, M. http://www.newseum.org/todaysfrontpages/hr.asp?fpVname=AR_SR&ref_pge=gal&b_pge=1

Mortiz, R. http://www.newseum.org/todaysfrontpages/hr.asp?fpVname=AR_TR&ref_pge=gal&b_pge=1

Exam Question #3

After life in Egypt and Greece

To Ancient Greeks, the afterlife was not at all a happy place. They believed that the body was left as nothing but dust. Their big burials were always huge for people of high honor. There were three parts of burying the deceased person. The prothesis and the ekphora were for preparing the body for its life after death and the actualy burying of the person. To Greeks, some of them said they would rather stay on the earth miserable rather than going to the afterlife. They called their afterlife the "underworld". They believe that people who are properly buried get to cross the river in the afterlife.

Ancient Egyptians afterlife was very happy. The ka is greeted with foods and drinks as soon as they arrive there. You could become a god in your afterlife in Egypt. Egyptians made a big deals out of the deaths in their country. It seems to be the other way around now but it seems like Egyptians actually rejoiced their death. Death and afterlife was a great thing to Egyptians.

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/dbag/hd_dbag.htm
http://www.sacred-texts.com/egy/ebod/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion#Afterlife
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afterlife#Ancient_Greek_and_Roman

Exam Question #4

Herodotus- http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/01/us/01gitmo.html?_r=1&ref=sept112001
Thucydides- http://nymag.com/news/features/19147/index8.html

I choose the one I choose for Herodotus because it basically just stated the facts. It just talked about the people charged with the involvement in the 9/11 terrorist attack. It only said what the writer heard, just like Herodotus did. He only listened to what he heard and wrote down the facts.

Thucydides thought things through more and gave his opinion much more than Herodotus. I choose the article about the possibility of 9/11 not happening because it was more of an opinion than a bunch of facts. It gave more of how the writer felt about it.

Exam Question #2

The Agricultural Revolution affected life and the development of cities in many ways. It caused people to sit down and live in one spot, rather than moving with their animals which were their food. They could start farms and cities because they could now stay in one spot. They could also now have jobs because they could tend to the crops and sell them. The agricultural revolution allowed people to do many different, new things with their lives.

http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=205381831154234350019.0004a5348f95b38175287&ll=35.478565,36.474609&spn=9.816262,19.753418&t=h&z=6

Times aren't going well in the agricultural world. Crops are dying and no one grows any food anymore. Global warning seems to be affecting how the agriculture is doing. The high heats and constant storms give the crops no time to grow or too much heat. Animals are eating all the nutrients in the soil and grass causing the crops to die. Things are completely going downhill for the farmers and their farms. 

Other humans aren't exactly helping the situation with this either. Too many buildings are going up, which means tearing down the only healthy forests and building over our clean rivers. Global warming awareness still isn't enough. People don't know what is going on or what to do to fix anything. If we don't start to fix things in our world, we might not have anything left.

Exam question #1

http://todaysmeet.com/brainhumangeo

Gianna's Freshmen Year Journey

Gianna's life changed a lot in her freshmen year. School started out shaky but through the course of the year, everything evened out and got much better than it was at the start. Her grades and schoolwork were very important to her. She worked very hard to get good grades and excel in her subjects. School work has gotten her stressed out sometimes, but it always works out in the end. Everything always works out in the end of things. Freshmen year was a little rough, but now it is going well for Gianna. Her life has changed a lot 


Gianna has become a new person in her freshmen year. She came into John Carroll not knowing a single person. She found many different groups of friends and learned the ways of the John Carroll life. There was drama, but there were also a lot of great memorable moments that she will never forget. She met friends that weren't the best choice for her, but she also met people who changed her life forever.  Gianna was always looking out for her friends and always had their backs. She was on varsity cheerleading for the winter season which she was very excited about. She made life-long friends through the cheerleading squad.  She found her true friends and the ones that were only going to keep her down. She has friends from her old school, but she found that she was even closer with the people from John Carroll now. It's good to keep in mind the past but live in the present because if you dwell on things in the past, you won't have a great future. That's why sometimes you have to move on in life. Gianna found her true self in her freshmen year with the help of her family and her new friends. 

Story bird Children's Story

http://storybird.com/books/the-adventures-of-king-richard-the-lionhearted-and/

Week 9: Final Draft: May 6th

Why is it so important to understand the Black Death if one is to really understand the culture of the Middle 

Ages?

In order to fully understand the Middle Ages, a researcher must know about everything that affected the culture in that time period.  The Black Death was a horrible disease transmitted by a bug that could easily kill a man in the time era that it was present in. Many different events and even sicknesses played a big role in the culture and way of living in the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages was a period of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The period followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and preceded the Early Modern Era (Wikipedia, Middle Ages). It is very important to have full knowledge of the Black Death in order to completely understand the culture of the Middle Ages because the Black Death affected the ways of living, such as artwork, religion, and life itself, in so many different ways that it almost entirely changed the culture in this time period. Some say that this topic is not the most important event that helps to understand the era of the Middle Ages. Many believe that people do not have to know about the Black Death in order to research and have knowledge of the Middle Ages.

The Black Death causes changes in the life of artists and people in the world of artwork because that was all they focused around. "Much of the most useful manifestations of the Black Death in literature, to historians, comes from the accounts of its chroniclers. Some of these chroniclers were famous writers, philosophers and rulers such as Boccaccio and Petrarch" (Wikipedia, Black Death). It made the works of art made by the artists change because it put a different perspective into the eyes of the artists. It gave them more violent and brutal images to depict. It almost became a more gruesome stage of artwork. The Black Death changed the ways a artists worked and if you did not understand that while researching the Middle Ages, you would not understand that era of time.

Believe it or not, the Church and the Christian life were highly affected by the reign of the Black Death. “It lost prestige, spiritual authority, and leadership over the people. How? The church promised cures, treatment, and an explanation for the plague” (Insecta). The Church was highly affected because they promised to have God cure the Black Death. When the Black Death was not cured, people became furious with the Church and God because they were dying from something they believed was going to be gotten rid of. People were so upset that they started riots around the churches, destroyed properties of Christians, and even killed some of the priests that told them to pray the God. The Black Death caused a craze in the lives of Christians and churches in Europe during the Middle Ages.

            When the Black Death started to overtake the European countries, many people were becoming terribly weak and dying a lot more than before the disease.“The Black Death killed off a massive portion of Europe's population. The plague is more effective when it attacks weakened people and Europe at the time was already weakened by exhaustion of the soil due to poor farming, the introduction of more sheep which reduced the land available for corn, and persistent Scottish invasions.” (Insecta). People’s lives were changed forever due to this sickness. Many lost a lot of loved ones in the fight against the Black Death. The economy was affected also. The economy dropped and caused many people to lose their jobs and have even more problems. Ever since the Black Death came along, people’s lives seemed to become worse.

            In order to fully understand the era of the Middle Ages, researchers must comprehend the Black Death. It changed society and life in several ways. It changed the way religion was, the way art changed, and the way people lived. The Middle Ages were greatly affected by the Black Death.

Sources:

Wikipedia, Black Death http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_death

Wikiepdia, Middle Ages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages

Effects on Church, Insecta- inspecta http://www.insecta-inspecta.com/fleas/bdeath/Church.html

Week 9: Rough Draft: May 3rd

Why is it so important to understand the Black Death if one is to really understand the culture of the Middle Ages?

In order to fully understand the Middle Ages, a researcher must know about everything that affected the culture in that time period.  The Black Death was a horrible disease transmitted by a bug that could easily kill a man in the time era that it was present in. Many different events and even sicknesses played a big role in the culture and way of living in the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages was a period of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The period followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, and preceded the Early Modern Era (Wikipedia, Middle Ages). It is very important to have full knowledge of the Black Death in order to completely understand the culture of the Middle Ages because the Black Death affected the ways of living, such as artwork, religion, and life itself, in so many different ways that it almost entirely changed the culture in this time period. Some say that this topic is not the most important event that helps to understand the era of the Middle Ages. Many believe that people do not have to know about the Black Death in order to research and have knowledge of the Middle Ages.

The Black Death causes changes in the life of artists and people in the world of artwork because that was all they focused around. "Much of the most useful manifestations of the Black Death in literature, to historians, comes from the accounts of its chroniclers. Some of these chroniclers were famous writers, philosophers and rulers such as Boccaccio and Petrarch" (Wikipedia, Black Death). It made the works of art made by the artists change because it put a different perspective into the eyes of the artists. It gave them more violent and brutal images to depict. It almost became a more gruesome stage of artwork. The Black Death changed the ways a artists worked and if you did not understand that while researching the Middle Ages, you would not understand that era of time.

Believe it or not, the Church and the Christian life were highly affected by the reign of the Black Death. “It lost prestige, spiritual authority, and leadership over the people. How? The church promised cures, treatment, and an explanation for the plague” (Insecta). The Church was highly affected because they promised to have God cure the Black Death. When the Black Death was not cured, people became furious with the Church and God because they were dying from something they believed was going to be gotten rid of. People were so upset that they started riots around the churches, destroyed properties of Christians, and even killed some of the priests that told them to pray the God. The Black Death caused a craze in the lives of Christians and churches in Europe during the Middle Ages.

            When the Black Death started to overtake the European countries, many people were becoming terribly weak and dying a lot more than before the disease. “The Black Death killed off a massive portion of Europe's population. The plague is more effective when it attacks weakened people and Europe at the time was already weakened by exhaustion of the soil due to poor farming, the introduction of more sheep which reduced the land available for corn, and persistent Scottish invasions.” (Insecta). People’s lives were changed forever due to this sickness. Many lost a lot of loved ones in the fight against the Black Death. The economy was affected also. The economy dropped and caused many people to lose their jobs and have even more problems. Ever since the Black Death came along, people’s lives seemed to become worse.

            In order to fully understand the era of the Middle Ages, researchers must comprehend the Black Death. It changed society and life in several ways. It changed the way religion was, the way art changed, and the way people lived. The Middle Ages were greatly affected by the Black Death.

Sources:

Wikipedia, Black Death http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_death

Wikiepdia, Middle Ages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages

Effects on Church, Insecta- inspecta http://www.insecta-inspecta.com/fleas/bdeath/Church.html

Final Draft: week 7: April 28th

FINAL DRAFT

Question: How do Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology?


There are several different ways that Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology. These architectures played a big role in the religious theology. It allowed the artists of many buildings to profess their religious views through the artwork of their buildings they design. Artists could promote or preach their views of religion through these great buildings. These buildings represented more than just their religious views, but they showed deep meanings of how the architect felt about what they were creating. Others say that these buildings did not represent anything but were just simply there for worship. 

Romanesque Cathedrals were more for places of worship. They showed more of what the religious community wanted to see. Some say they looked like castles but they were supposed to be perceived as places of worship. They could have been used for several other things also like defense or retreating to the churches. A lot of the Cathedrals have bell towers and higher places to look out over land (Figure 1). Since they were built in the time of war and violence between societies, hey were highly protected and did not want to be harmed.

Because of the Gothic Cathedrals being built in the time of peace that they were, architects were not rushed to finish them. They could take their time on them and make them prettier. Gothic artists were able to express their freedom in their work with the buildings. Gothic Cathedrals were allowed to be more complex in the structure and Romanesque tended to all be the same way (Figure 4). The Gothic Cathedrals purposes were to be able to be a beautiful place to worship.

Some say that the Gothic Cathedrals were more about the way they looked. They were the ones with the huge glass windows and thinner walls than the Romanesque Cathedrals. (Figures 4 & 5) The Gothic Cathedrals were more pleasing to the eye and less warlike than the Romanesque Cathedrals were. The Gothic Cathedrals were built in a time of peace and tranquility which allowed the artists to make them lovelier for worship to take place in them.

Romanesque and Gothic express many different feelings towards religion than what people can see. Artists may make a doorway a certain way because of the things they believe in. Romanesque Cathedrals were for more of the protection and worship side of life. Gothic Cathedrals were for the pleasure of the eye; they were more pleasing to look at most of the time. These two different types of architecture were used for several different ways in the religious theology.

Sources:

Figure 1- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame
6/08/06
13th Century

Figure 2-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Angouleme_cathedral_StPierre_a.jpg
Angouleme Cathedral St. Pierre
Posted: july 14, 2007

Figure 3-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tournai_JPG001.jpg
Tournai
Posted: 4/27/05
12th century

Figure 4- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame
6/08/06

Figure 5- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Cathedrale_Notre_Dame_interior_002.JPG
Reims Cathedrale Notre Dame
Posted: 1/28/08
12 century

Figure 6- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Kathedrale.jpg
Reims Kathedrale
July 2006
12 century

Rough Draft: Week 7: April 27th

Rough Draft Question: How do Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology?


There are several different ways that Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals express different understandings about religious theology. These architectures played a big role in the religious theology. It allowed the artists of many buildings to profess their religious views through the artwork of their buildings they design. Artists could promote or preach their views of religion through these great buildings. These buildings represented more than just their religious views, but they showed deep meanings of how the architect felt about what they were creating. Others say that these buildings did not represent anything but were just simply there for worship. 

Romanesque Cathedrals were more for places of worship. They showed more of what the religious community wanted to see. Some say they looked like castles but they were supposed to be perceived as places of worship. They could have been used for several other things also like defense or retreating to the churches.A lot of the Cathedrals have bell towers and higher places to look out over land  (Figure 1) Since they were built in the time of war and violence between societies, hey were highly protected and did not want to be harmed.

Because of the Gothic Cathedrals being built in the time of peace that they were, architects were not rushed to finish them. they could take their time on them and make them prettier. Gothic artists were able to express their freedom in their work with the buildings. Gothic Cathedrals were allowed to be more complex in the structure and Romanesque tended to all be the same way.

Some say that the Gothic Cathedrals were more about the way they looked. They were the ones with the huge glass windows and thinner walls than the Romanesque Cathedrals. (Figures 4 & 5) The Gothic Cathedrals were more pleasing to the eye and less warlike than the Romanesque Cathedrals were. The Gothic Cathedrals were built in a time of peace and tranquility which allowed the artists to make them lovelier for worship to take place in them.

Romanesque and Gothic express many different feelings towards religion than what people can see. Artists may make a doorway a certain way because of the things they believe in. Romanesque Cathedrals were for more of the protection and worship side of life. Gothic Cathedrals were for the pleasure of the eye; they were more pleasing to look at most of the time. These two different types of architecture were used for several different ways in the religious theology.






Sources: 


Figure 1- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame

Figure 2-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Angouleme_cathedral_StPierre_a.jpg
Angouleme Cathedral St. Pierre

Figure 3-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tournai_JPG001.jpg
Tournai

Figure 4- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:060806-France-Paris-Notre_Dame.jpg
France Paris Notre Dame

Figure 5- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Cathedrale_Notre_Dame_interior_002.JPG
Reims Cathedrale Notre Dame



Figure 6- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reims_Kathedrale.jpg
Reims Kathedrale

Essay: Week 7; April 14th 2011; Rough Draft

Question: Did the Roman Empire 'decline and fall' or did it evolve into something new?

The Ancient Roman Empire was a great empire in the ancient times of the world. It is considered one of the best empires in world history. The emperor and army were strong, the government had most control, and the people were equal. It is a big debate how this great democracy ceased to exist. Some say that the Roman Empire simply turned into something different, but the Ancient Roman Empire fall or collapsed as a result of many different glitches in the government and its people.

"The middle years of the first century BC were marked by violence in the city, and fighting between gangs supporting rival politicians and political programs." (BBC) The ages of violence that broke out between citizens and gangs affected the fall of the government because the government could not get control of the fights and violence. Gangs formed and groups of citizens were set against each other. This caused tension among to people of Rome. Some of the government had different ways of dealing with it, which caused even more conflicts. The fights just led to more things than what was happening. The conflicts among all of the people were dragging on with their empire and it was affecting the empire in several bad ways.

"Augustus was both canny and lucky. When he died in 14 AD, aged well over 70, he was succeeded by his stepson, Tiberius. By then the idea of the 'free republic' was just the romantic pipe-dream of a few nostalgic." (BBC) After Augustus' death, his stepson took over and started a new government since the current one "was not working" with the community. It was begun because Tiberius did not agree with the type of government that was in Rome at the time. There were many problems already with the earlier government and Tiberius believed that if it just changed completely, the problems would go away. That did not happen at all. Many of the problems stay as they were or even caused more conflicts.

"By 14 AD, when the first emperor Augustus died, popular elections had all but disappeared. Power was located not in the old republican assembly place of the forum, but in the imperial palace. The assumption was that Augustus's heirs would inherit his rule over the Roman world - and so they did." (BBC) The first sign that something was going wrong was the loss of government. When the current leader Augustus died, all government just crashed. No one knew who was in charge or who was ruling. The citizens did not know who to follow or what to abide by. There was major confusion inside of the Roman Empire after the death of Augustus.

To some people, the Roman Empire was formed into a new and improved different type of government. They feel as though the government was not dropped but it was made into something different. Others argue that the Roman Empire fell and collapsed because of several problems coming together. The problems did not seem like a lot when they were separate. All of the problems together, though, caused a huge issue.


Work Cited:

Beard, Mary. (2011) The fall of the Roman Republic. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/fallofromanrepublic_article_01.shtml

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook09.html#Modern

Essay: Week 7: April 11th , Rough Draft

Question: Did the Roman Empire 'decline and fall' or did it evolve into something new?

The Ancient Roman Empire was a great empire in the ancient times of the world. It is considered one of the best empires in world history. The emperor and army was strong, the governemtn had most control, and the people were equal. It is a big debate how this great democracy ceased to exist. Some say that the Roman Empire simply turned into something different, but the Ancient Roman Empire fall or collapsed as a result of many different glitches in the government and its people.

"The middle years of the first century BC were marked by violence in the city, and fighting between gangs supporting rival politicians and political programmes." (BBC) The ages of violence that broke out between citizens and gangs affected the fall of the government because the government could not get control of the fights and violence. Gangs formed and groups of citizens were set against each other. This caused tension among to people of Rome. Some of the government had different ways of dealing with it, which caused even more conflicts. The fights just led to more things than what was happening. The conflicts among all of the people were dragging on with their empire and it was affecting the empire in several bad ways.

"Augustus was both canny and lucky. When he died in 14 AD, aged well over 70, he was succeeded by his stepson, Tiberius. By then the idea of the 'free republic' was just the romantic pipe-dream of a few nostalgics." (BBC) After Augustus' death, his stepson took over and started a new government since the current one "was not working" with the community. It was begun because Tiberius did not agree with the type of government that was in Rome at the time. There were many problems already with the earlier government and Tiberius believed that if it just changed completely, the problems would go away. That did not happen at all. Many of the problems stay as they were or even causes more conflicts.

"By 14 AD, when the first emperor Augustus died, popular elections had all but disappeared. Power was located not in the old republican assembly place of the forum, but in the imperial palace. The assumption was that Augustus's heirs would inherit his rule over the Roman world - and so they did." (BBC) The first sign that something was going wrong was the loss of government. When the current leader Augustus died, all government just crashed. No one knew who was in charge or who was ruling. The citizens did not know who to follow or what to adibe by. There was major confusion inside of the Roman Empire after the death of Augustus.

To some people, the Roman Empire was formed into a new and improved different type of government. They feel as though the government was not dropped but it was made into something different. Others argue that the Roman Empire fell and collapsed because of several problems coming together. The problems did not seem like a lot when they were seperate. All of the problems together, though, caused a huge issue.



Sources:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/romans/fallofromanrepublic_article_01.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook09.html#Modern

Final Draft for Practice Essay

Stoicism is the belief that when confronted with hardships, one has to control his or her emotions; Seneca's death is a great example of stoicism because he does not allow his emotions to be shown. Then again, some of the emotions had to have been portrayed when Seneca found out about his death sentence. Seneca was an emotional less when it came to the outside appearance of him. He did not allow for people to see how he was feeling on the inside. The only person who knew how he felt was himself. Even while being put to death, others saw either little or no emotion coming from Seneca. His own wife did not even know what was going on inside of his mind. A great example of stoicism would be Seneca's death because he portrayed no emotions while being put to death.

As stated in the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook, Seneca said before he was killed, "Where," he asked again and again, "are your maxims of philosophy, or the preparation of so many years' study against evils to come? Who knew not Nero's cruelty? After a mother's and a brother's murder, nothing remains but to add the destruction of a guardian and a tutor." In this, he is talking about how no one knew how tough and cruel Nero was to believe that Seneca was guilty of conspiracy. Even when he should have acted highly upset with what he was being accused of, he acted like it didn't even faze him. He portrayed himself as though he was just puzzled by what was going on. He put the questions in the people's minds of whether or not Nero was doing the right thing by killing him. This portrayed him as non-emotional and uncaring.
"Seneca, quite unmoved, asked for tablets on which to inscribe his will, and, on the centurion's refusal, turned to his friends, protesting that as he was forbidden to requite them, he bequeathed to them the only, but still the noblest possession yet remaining to him, the pattern of his life, which, if they remembered, they would win a name for moral worth and steadfast friendship" (IAHS).After finding out that he was going to be put to death, Seneca had to leave everything he had behind for his family and friends, just like we do today. He told them in the will that he loved them and would not forget them. Even though this will portrayed some emotion of love, he stayed strong through everything he was going through and didn't allow his closest people of him see how much he was hurting inside. He still, when faced with death, did not seem to be scared.

"Then by one and the same stroke they sundered with a dagger the arteries of their arms. Seneca, as his aged frame, attenuated by frugal diet, allowed the blood to escape but slowly, severed also the veins of his legs and knees. Worn out by cruel anguish, afraid too that his sufferings might break his wife's spirit, and that, as he looked on her tortures, he might himself sink into irresolution, he persuaded her to retire into another chamber. Even at the last moment his eloquence failed him not; he summoned his secretaries, and dictated much to them which, as it has been published for all readers in his own words, I forbear to paraphrase" (IAHS). Seneca's appearance started to diminish and become worn out because of him stressing on the inside over his death sentence. He did not want his wife to worry about him, so he had her stay in a different room. He also probably did not want her to see him in a weak state because that could show weakness in his mind. He wanted her to feel as though he was going to be alright and everything was fine. On the inside, he was really at the brink of death.
Seneca the Younger was an excellent example of stoicism because he never let his emotions be seen throughout the time of his troubles. He was faced with being put to death because of a ruler who disliked the way he was acting. Most normal people would be scared beyond belief. Seneca shows stoicism because he did not show that he was scared. No one could even tell he was even stressing over it. His death had to scare him, but no one even knew.

Sources:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook10.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tacitus-ann15a.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger

Guidlines for Peer Review & Grading

News Flash: Starting tomorrow, April 7th, we will stop doing dailies. Instead, we will be concentrating on the weekly essays. This week's rough draft we are finishing in class. From then on, every Wednesday you will have a rough draft due for Peer review (you'll receive participation credit: P/F for having the draft ready). On your rough draft, please underline the thesis statement and in a different color prove it is an opinion by writing the opposite side; underline one quote properly cited with in-text citations for each body paragraph; make bold your four-sentence analysis of each quote; analysis should explain how the quote serves to support your thesis. After peer review, a final draft will be due on Fri by Midnight.

Eleven-Point Critique (for peer reviews and grading of final drafts)

1. 5 paragraphs -- 5 to 7 sentences per paragraph.

2 Clear, coherent thesis statement expressing an opinion to be argued in the paper.

3. One quote or piece of sourcable evidence properly cited in APA format per body paragraph / proper in-text citation format (author, date). APA format bibliography at end of paper. Use top-notch sources (BBC, Met Museum, Nat Geo, Internet History Sourcebook, school-library based databases, etc.)

4. Four sentences per body paragraph analysis. This is your own analysis demonstrating how the evidence supports your thesis.

5. Solid conclusion demonstrating the validity of the argument.

6. Emphasis: Put strongest evidence in the fourth paragraph.

7. No 1st or 2nd person personal pronouns (I, we, us, me, my, myself, you, etc.)

8. Academic Tone: No slang, no contractions, make it coherent and readable.

9. Avoid generalizations -- give specific information; I'm not looking for you to write an "encyclopedia" article. I'm looking for your ability to construct an academic argument.

10. Avoid unnecessary information: "more" quotes doesn't mean a "better" paper.

11. Original and honest writing voice and a creative and remarkable take on the subject.

Week 6, Daily 3, April 6th

Stoicism is the belief that when confronted with hardships, one has to control his or her emotions; Seneca's death is a great example of stoicism because he doesn't allow his emotions to be shown. Seneca was an emotional less when it came to the outside appearance of him. He didn't allow for people to see how he was feeling on the inside. The only person who knew how he felt was himself. Even while being put to death, others saw either little or no emotion coming from Seneca. His own wife didn't even know what was going on inside of his mind. A great example of stoicism would be Seneca's death because he portrayed no emotions while being put to death.

As Seneca said before he was killed, "Where," he asked again and again, "are your maxims of philosophy, or the preparation of so many years' study against evils to come? Who knew not Nero's cruelty? After a mother's and a brother's murder, nothing remains but to add the destruction of a guardian and a tutor." In this, he is talking about how no one knew how tough and cruel Nero was to believe that Seneca was guilty of conspiracy. Even when he should've acted highly upset with what he was being acused of, he acted like it didn't even phase him. He portrayed himself as though he was just puzzled by what was going on. He put the questions in the people's minds of whether or not Nero was doing the right thing by killing him. This portrayed him as non emotional and uncaring.

"Seneca, quite unmoved, asked for tablets on which to inscribe his will, and, on the centurion's refusal, turned to his friends, protesting that as he was forbidden to requite them, he bequeathed to them the only, but still the noblest possession yet remaining to him, the pattern of his life, which, if they remembered, they would win a name for moral worth and steadfast friendship." After finding out that he was going to be put to death, Seneca had to leave everything he had behind for his family and friends, just like we do today. He told them in the will that he loved them and wouldn't forget them. Even though this will portrayed some emotion of love, he stayed strong through everything he was going through and didn't allow his closest people ot him see how much he was hurting inside. He still, when faced with death, didn't seem to be scared.

"Then by one and the same stroke they sundered with a dagger the arteries of their arms. Seneca, as his aged frame, attenuated by frugal diet, allowed the blood to escape but slowly, severed also the veins of his legs and knees. Worn out by cruel anguish, afraid too that his sufferings might break his wife's spirit, and that, as he looked on her tortures, he might himself sink into irresolution, he persuaded her to retire into another chamber. Even at the last moment his eloquence failed him not; he summoned his secretaries, and dictated much to them which, as it has been published for all readers in his own words, I forbear to paraphrase." Seneca's appearance started to diminish and become worn out because of him stressing on the inside over his death sentence. He didn't want his wife to worry about him, so he had her stay in a different room. He also probably didn't want her to see him in a weak state because that could show weakness in his mind. He wanted her to feel as though he was going to be alright and everything was fine. On the inside, he was really at the brink of death.

Seneca the Younger was an excellent example of stoicism because he never let his emotions be seen through out the time of his troubles. He was faced with being put to death because of a ruler who disliked the way he was acting. Most normal people would be scared beyond belief. Seneca shows stoicism because he didn't show that he was scared. No one could even tell he was even stressing over it. His death had to scare him, but no one even knew.



Sources:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook10.html
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/tacitus-ann15a.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_the_Younger